History 12
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Mussolini and the Rise of Fascism

  • Formed the first Fascist government in Italy in 1923
  • Supports Hitler throughout the 1930s
  • Supports the Fascist government in Spain during Spanish Civil War
  • Joins in alliance with HItler in 1939
  • Used blackshirts as a paramilitary force
  • Comes to power in 1923 after the March on Rome
  • King Emmanuel III refused to sign a emergency legislation to prevent it - he refused allowing Mussolini to come to power

Il Duce (The Leader)
  • Acerbo Law - party with most votes would get 2/3 of the seats in Chamber of Deputies
  • Giacomo Matteotti murdered for speaking out against the 
Picture
Picture

FAscism

  • Private ownership encouraged and aided by the government
  • Censorship of the media
  • Imperialistic - expand empire abroad (military)
  • Nationalistic - pride in ones country
  • Militaristic - rebuild army
  • Non-Democratic - single party government
  • Often Totalitarian dictatorship
  • "Anti-liberal, anti-mass, democracy, anti-socialist" - aka anti - communism
  • Hitler was NOT a communist

The Lantern Accords 1929

  • Catholic Church was the most powerful remaining body in Italy
  • Fearing Mussolini's wrath Pope Puis XI signed a deal
Gave the Church:
  • Control over religious education in schools
  • Recognition as the state religion
  • The right for the Pope to rule his own state, known as the Vatican
  • Mussolini got recognition by the Church as a legitimate leader

Summary

As Mussolini rose into power, he used the help of his blackshirts as well as creating the Lateran Accords to secure his position. 
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