Taiwan

• The Island of Formosa
  
• Chiang left China after the Civil War
  
• Chiang became the leader
  
• Recognized official seat in security council until 1971
  
• Was dominant in many ways compared to China

Summary

Taiwan was formerly known as the island of Formosa and Chiang and the Kuomintang fled there to get away from Mao and the CCP but most of the nationalists were on the island while the rest of China was communist so the island became known as Taiwan.